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B IO G R A P H Y

Robert Wood Johnson

The Gentleman Rebel

✦

T HE

FO UNDE R

O F

J O HNS O N

C A R B O N DA LE

P HILA DE LP HIA

N E W

B R UN S WIC K

1 8 4 5 – 1 9 1 0

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 2

A N

I N D E P E N D E N T

B I O G R A P H I C A L

S T U D Y

Robert Wood Johnson:

The Gentleman Rebel

A Publication-Quality Biography of the Founder of Johnson & Johnson

✦

With a Chronological Timeline, Major Achievements,

Honors, and Legacy · 2025 Edition

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 3

About This Edition

This document is an original, independently written biographical study of Robert

Wood Johnson (1845–1910), founder of Johnson & Johnson. It was composed from

well-known public historical information, contemporaneous records, and the doc-

umentary sources listed in the Note on Sources at the end of this volume. The text is

wholly original in its language and presentation; it is not a reproduction, para-

phrase, or digest of any single copyrighted work.

Johnson & Johnson is a registered trademark of Johnson & Johnson, and the Robert

Wood Johnson Foundation is a registered trademark of the Robert Wood Johnson

Foundation. This biography is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or endorsed by

Johnson & Johnson, its subsidiaries, or the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The

red cross device referenced in the narrative is discussed solely in historical

context.

Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure factual accuracy from public

sources. Where historical sources differ slightly in detail, the most commonly doc-

umented account has been followed. Dates are given in the traditional manner of

the sources cited.

Preparation: composed in Source Serif 4 and Inter · Typeset for A4 paper · Intended

for PDF publication via browser print, or equivalent.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 4

Contents

F R O N T

M AT T E R

Introduction — The Man

Behind the Mark

FOR EWOR D

C H AP T E R S

The Coal Country Boy, 1845–

1861

C HAP TER

An Education in Drugstores,

1861–1873

C HAP TER

III

The Revelation at the

Centennial, 1876

C HAP TER

The New Brunswick Gamble,

1885–1887

C HAP TER

The Crusade for Clean

Surgery, 1888–1893

C HAP TER

From Surgical Supply to

Household Name, 1893–1905

C HAP TER

VII

The Gentleman Rebel

C HAP TER

VIII

The Last Years, 1905–1910

C HAP TER

Legacy: The Second Century

C HAP TER

AP P E N D IC E S

Chronology

TIMELINE

Major Achievements

R EC OR D

Honors & Recognition

TR IB UTES

Note on Sources

B IB LIOGR AP HY

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 5

F O R EWO R D

Introduction

The Man Behind the Mark

omewhere, in nearly every medicine cabinet in the world, there has at

one time or another been a packet bearing a red cross on a white field.

Beneath the cross, two names joined by an ampersand — Johnson & Johnson

— sit so quietly in the familiar that they are rarely read at all. The mark is part

of the furniture of modern life, and that is exactly as its maker intended. But

behind the bandages and baby powders stands a man of uncommon force,

charm, and contradiction: Robert Wood Johnson, remembered by biographers

as the Gentleman Rebel.

Johnson was not a scientist and not a surgeon. He was a salesman, a manufac-

turer, a pamphleteer, and a visionary — a man who helped change the way the

world treated its wounded and its sick. He was born before the Civil War in the

coal country of northeastern Pennsylvania, and he entered the drug trade as a

boy with a bottle brush and an apron. He died in 1910 at the height of the com-

pany he had built, leaving behind an industry that did not exist when he began:

the modern business of sterile medicine.

This book is the story of that life. It is also an argument: that the great achieve-

ments of medicine are not only discoveries but decisions — decisions about

cleanliness, about honesty, about putting the patient ahead of the profit. Robert

Wood Johnson made such decisions when they were neither fashionable nor

easy. The rebel in him refused to accept that infection was inevitable. The gen-

tleman in him insisted that the patient, the nurse, and the doctor came first.

Between those two impulses, he built a company that would outlive him by more

than a century.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 6

C H A P T ER

The Coal Country Boy

1845–1861

arbondale, Pennsylvania, lies in the folding hills of the Lackawanna Valley,

a town that grew rich on anthracite — the hard, mirror-bright coal that

warmed the parlors of a growing nation. There, on the fifteenth of February 1845,

Robert Wood Johnson was born, the son of Sylvester and Louisa Wood Johnson.

The Johnson household knew none of the comforts that its most famous son

would later command. Sylvester Johnson worked with his hands, and the

family's budget was reckoned in pennies. What the household lacked in money it

made up in numbers: the table was full, the rooms were loud, and the children

learned early the value of a dollar and of a sharp mind. Robert was small and

quick, with a quick tongue to match. Neighbors noticed that he could talk any-

body into anything — a trait that would one day be called salesmanship, though

in a coal town it was simply called charm.

The boy's schooling was brief and practical, as was the custom of the place. But

his real education began when the family moved to Philadelphia, in 1861 — the

season of secession and the first guns of the war. Philadelphia was then the

largest city in the Union, a bustling port of banks, foundries, and hospitals, and

among its thousands of small shops were the apothecaries: dark, sweet-scented

rooms lined with amber bottles where pharmacists compounded medicines by

hand, weighing powders and grinding roots with mortar and pestle.

At sixteen, Robert Wood Johnson was apprenticed to one of these drugstores. He

swept floors, washed bottles, and learned the Latin names of a hundred reme-

dies. It was humble work, but it was the doorway to an extraordinary vocation —

and the boy walked through it with both eyes open.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 7

C H A P T ER

An Education in Drugstores

1861–1873

he apothecary's trade, in the 1860s, was closer to alchemy than to modern

pharmacy. There were no standard tablets and no ready-made dressings. A

pharmacist mixed his own tinctures, rolled his own pills, spread his own plas-

ters, and stocked his shelves with dried roots, blistering compounds, and patent

nostrums of dubious virtue. It was an excellent education for a young man who

wanted to learn the science of medicine from the shelf down.

Johnson rose through the ranks of Philadelphia's drug trade with remarkable

speed. He had a memory for formulas, a feel for the goods, and — most valuable

of all — an instinct for what people needed and would buy. But Philadelphia was

a training ground, not a stage. In 1864, at nineteen, he crossed the Hudson to New

York, where he found a place in the pharmaceutical house of George Seabury, a

manufacturer of medicated plasters and surgical supplies.

Seabury was a shrewd and exacting employer, and the young Johnson was a nat-

ural fit. Plasters — sheets of cloth spread with soothing or stimulating medicines

that could be cut to fit an aching back or chest — were the firm's stock-in-trade,

sold by the roll to druggists across the country. Johnson learned the business

from the warehouse up: how goods were made, labeled, priced, and shipped. He

also learned something less tangible: that the manufacturer who took the trou-

ble to teach his customers would never lack for orders.

In 1873, the reward came. George Seabury took the twenty-eight-year-old

Johnson into partnership, and the firm became Seabury & Johnson, a leading

maker of medicated plasters in America. It was a substantial achievement for a

man who had begun with a bottle brush. But Johnson was restless. He had begun

to read, with growing conviction, about a strange new doctrine arriving from

Europe — the claim that invisible germs caused wounds to mortify and mothers

to die in childbed. The old medicine dismissed it. Johnson could not.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 8

C H A P T ER

III

The Revelation at the Centennial

1876

n the summer of 1876, America turned one hundred years old, and

Philadelphia threw the party: the Centennial Exposition, a mile of glass

palaces housing the machinery of a young industrial nation. Millions came to

marvel at the great Corliss engine, the typewriter, and the first canned foods.

Robert Wood Johnson came on business, to exhibit his plasters. He left with his

life changed.

Among the booths of the medical section, a modest display presented the work

of Joseph Lister, the Edinburgh surgeon who had dared to declare that the terri-

ble infections that consumed operating wards were not accidents of fate but liv-

ing organisms — germs — that could be killed on hands, instruments, and dress-

ings with carbolic acid. Lister's methods had cut deaths in his own wards to a

fraction of their former rate. To most American doctors, the whole idea was a for-

eign fancy, to be sniffed at over breakfast.

Johnson saw it as a thunderbolt. He came from the world of gauze and lint, of

bandages torn from old sheets and applied with unwashed hands; he knew

scores of men, cut down by trivial injuries, dead of blood poisoning. The antisep-

tic doctrine was not merely plausible; it was imperative. He understood, too, that

Lister's revolution could not wait for surgeons to be persuaded — that the dress-

ings and the disinfectants themselves must be manufactured and placed in the

hands of every doctor and nurse in the country.

He urged Seabury to commit the firm to the new antiseptic manufacture.

Seabury declined. Plasters sold well; controversy did not. For nine more years

Johnson fretted under the constraint, selling the old goods while dreaming of the

new. The partnership was coming to an end — and with it, the beginning of

something far larger.

"He came from the world of gauze and lint, of bandages torn

from old sheets and applied with unwashed hands; he knew

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 9

scores of men, cut down by trivial injuries, dead of blood

poisoning."

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 10

C H A P T ER

The New Brunswick Gamble

1885–1887

n the autumn of 1885, Robert Wood Johnson walked away from the firm that

bore his name and placed his future in a rented building in New Brunswick,

New Jersey. He took with him his two younger brothers: James Wood Johnson, a

steady, methodical man who had been managing the factory end of the plaster

trade, and Edward Mead Johnson, a trained pharmacist with a gift for formula-

tion. Together they formed a new partnership — Johnson & Johnson — with a sin-

gle, obsessive purpose: to manufacture surgical dressings that were clean, ster-

ile, and ready, and to prove to American medicine that infection was

preventable.

The early days were not glamorous. A handful of employees — fourteen at the

start — worked over kettles and steam sterilizers in a space that smelled of car-

bolic acid and boiling cotton. The brothers divided the labor according to tem-

perament: Robert was the voice and the vision, writing, selling, lecturing, cajol-

ing; James ran the plant and counted the costs; Edward perfected the formulae.

The first catalog was a short one: medicated plasters, antiseptic dressings, rolls

of sterilized gauze. But each package carried a promise no American manufac-

turer had made before: sealed, clean, and safe.

The company was incorporated in 1887, its trademark the Geneva cross — the

red cross of neutrality and care — registered for surgical dressings, a mark

Johnson selected to say in a single symbol that these goods belonged to the work

of healing, not merely to trade. That same year the company introduced a silk

dental floss, the first of thousands of small products that would one day fill the

family medicine chest.

The gamble of 1885 was a wager on an idea: that doctors would choose science

over habit if science were made easy for them. Johnson set out to make it very

easy indeed — with books, with lectures, and with a supply of dressings so de-

pendable that the surgeon, at the moment of greatest danger, could trust the

package in his hands.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 11

C H A P T ER

The Crusade for Clean Surgery

1888–1893

n 1888, Johnson & Johnson issued a remarkable volume:

Modern Methods of

Antiseptic Wound Treatment

, written by the founder himself. It was not a scien-

tific treatise for specialists but a working manual for the general practitioner —

plain, specific, and persuasive, telling the country doctor precisely how to clean

his hands, sterilize his instruments, prepare his dressings, and banish the old

enemy, pus, from his operating room. In an era when a medical monograph was

lucky to sell a few hundred copies, the book circulated in the thousands. It is

said, with justice, that no single commercial publication did more to spread

Lister's doctrine across America.

The book was the cornerstone of a larger strategy, one that would become

Johnson's most enduring contribution to industrial practice: education as a form

of salesmanship. The company flooded the profession with booklets and leaflets

— instructions for nurses, guides for railroad surgeons, simple illustrated pam-

phlets for the home. Every one of them taught cleanliness; every one of them

ended with the same quiet suggestion: use the Red Cross dressings. Johnson un-

derstood, as few of his contemporaries did, that a manufacturer who taught his

customers made customers for life.

The company's factory grew in New Brunswick; new buildings rose beside the

first; the work force swelled. And the products multiplied. By 1890, Johnson had

turned his attention to an extraordinary new market: the railroad. A worker in-

jured on a remote line might bleed for hours before a doctor arrived. The re-

sponse was the first commercial first aid kit — a sturdy box of sterile dressings,

antiseptics, and bandages, with directions plain enough for a brakeman to fol-

low, shipped to every railroad and factory that would take them. It was, in its

humble way, the beginning of public health education in industrial America — a

subject that had, until then, scarcely existed.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 12

C H A P T ER

V I

From Surgical Supply to Household Name

1893–1905

y the early 1890s, Johnson & Johnson had earned the confidence of the med-

ical profession. The deeper prize — the trust of the American family —

came in 1893, in the form of a small tin of powder.

The story is simple. A physician, seeking relief for a patient's irritated skin, sug-

gested plain talcum powder; the company, asked to supply it, saw an opportunity.

The pharmacists compounded a soft, delicately scented powder from Italian talc,

tested it, packaged it under the Johnson name, and offered it to mothers for their

babies. Johnson's Baby Powder was an instant, enduring success — the

company's first great consumer product, and the quiet beginning of the modern

consumer health industry. It also revealed the founder's deepest insight: that the

standards which won the surgeon's trust could win the mother's, too.

In 1893 the Red Cross dressings were displayed at the World's Columbian

Exposition in Chicago, where they took a medal; the mark that had been a trade-

mark was becoming a synonym for safety. The next year brought a turning point

of another kind: Edward Mead Johnson, the formulator-brother, left the firm to

found the American Ferment Company, later Mead Johnson & Company — the

beginning of a rivalry between the Johnson name and itself in the nursery of in-

fant nutrition. The parting was amicable; the family had simply grown too large

for one house.

Through the last years of the century, Robert Wood Johnson pushed outward.

Fresh markets opened with the catalogs; exports began to cross the oceans — to

Europe, to Latin America, to Asia — carrying the red cross to every port. By the

end of the decade, the little shop in New Brunswick had become one of the

world's principal manufacturers of surgical supplies, and the name Johnson &

Johnson stood, in the minds of doctors from New York to Calcutta, for one thing

above all: dependable.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 13

C H A P T ER

V II

The Gentleman Rebel

o his contemporaries, Robert Wood Johnson was a walking contradiction,

and he knew it. He was, in the phrase of his biographer Lawrence Foster,

the Gentleman Rebel — a man of impeccable manners and relentless combat.

The gentleman came first to the eye. Johnson dressed with the care of a man

who understood that appearance was a form of message: the fine coat, the watch

chain, the courteous attention he paid to anyone — to the clerk, the nurse, the

farm widow whose husband had died of a wound that might have been saved.

He was generous with his money, and more generous with his time, and the men

who worked in the New Brunswick factory spoke of him for years afterward as a

man who knew their names.

The rebel was never far beneath the surface. He had built his career on the re-

fusal to accept the orthodoxies of his profession, and he kept his sword sharp.

He lectured physicians in their own journals — respectfully, relentlessly — telling

them that their wards stank, that their hands were unclean, that their refusal of

antiseptics was costing lives. He was known to be an exacting, even demanding

employer, quick with a blistering word for carelessness and quick to repair it

with an unexpected kindness. He trusted no shortcut in the manufacture of his

dressings, for he knew that a single blemish of carelessness could cost an eye, a

limb, a life.

"He trusted no shortcut in the manufacture of his dressings,

for he knew that a single blemish of carelessness could cost an

eye, a limb, a life."

The central battle of his last public years was symbolic, and characteristic. The

American Red Cross, under Clara Barton, insisted that the red cross symbol be-

longed to the humanitarian league alone; Johnson insisted that his years of man-

ufacture had made the mark, in the public's mind, a guarantee of surgical safety.

The dispute was settled in 1907 with a practical division: the symbol would serve

both the works of mercy abroad and the works of healing at home. Neither party

got everything; both got what mattered. It was, in the end, the resolution of a

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 14

gentleman and a rebel — a rebel who had never wanted to injure the sick, only to

serve them.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 15

C H A P T ER

V III

The Last Years

1905–1910

he final years of Robert Wood Johnson's life were outwardly serene. The

company had grown beyond the dreams of its founding; the name was

known on five continents; the fortune was made. He kept his hand in the busi-

ness, but the demands of his body were beginning to take their toll. The long

hours, the years of smoke and acid and travel, the strain of a lifetime of expecta-

tions — they accumulated quietly, as they do with men who forget to rest.

He remained in the world. He was seen at the factory, at the offices, at the meet-

ings of the trade and the profession — the same immaculate figure with the

same quick opinions. But the strength was leaving him, and he knew it. He made

his arrangements with the same care he had given his dressings: the brothers

and the lieutenants trained, the succession settled, the company's future placed

on the principles that had made it — the education of the customer, the primacy

of cleanliness, the standard of the Red Cross.

He died in New York City on February 7, 1910, at the age of sixty-four. In New

Brunswick, where the factory flags were lowered and the men stood in silence as

the funeral passed, the grief was personal; a generation of workers had known

the man and his ways. James Wood Johnson took the presidency without a

moment's pause in the manufacture of dressings. The work — the quiet, urgent

work of preventing infection — went on, as Robert Wood Johnson would have in-

sisted it must.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 16

C H A P T ER

Legacy: The Second Century

obert Wood Johnson's monument is not a single building or a single statute.

It is a company, and the civilization of care that grew up around it.

James Wood Johnson presided over the firm until 1932, when the founder's

nephew — Robert Wood Johnson II, a man as forceful as his uncle, and known to

history as the General — assumed command. In the midst of the Second World

War, the General distilled the founder's convictions into a single page of prose

that has become a landmark of corporate ethics: the Credo, whose first line —

"We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, to

mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services" — is pure

Robert Wood Johnson, written a generation after his death.

In 1972, the General's fortune established the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,

the largest philanthropy in the United States devoted exclusively to health.

Everything it has done — the support of community clinics, the research into

childhood health, the campaigns against smoking and for better care — is, in a

real sense, the work of the Gentleman Rebel's ideas, spending themselves

through a second century. And the company itself has continued to grow, through

medicines, medical devices, and the familiar consumer products of the family

medicine chest, serving doctors and patients on every continent.

To walk the wards of a modern hospital is to see Johnson's world: the sealed ster-

ile package, the clean glove, the antiseptic discipline that has made surgery safe

for hundreds of millions of people. To open a mother's cupboard is to see it

again, in gentler form. The rebel who fought the old medicine, and the gentle-

man who served the sick, built better than a fortune: they built a standard.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 17

A P P EN D IX

Chronology

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 18

1845

Robert Wood Johnson born February 15 in Carbondale,

Pennsylvania.

1861

Family moves to Philadelphia; Johnson begins his apothecary

apprenticeship at sixteen.

1864

Moves to New York City; enters the pharmaceutical house of George

Seabury.

1873

Becomes a partner; the firm of Seabury & Johnson is formed.

1876

Visits the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia; converts to Lister's

antiseptic doctrine.

1877

Marries Anna Evans.

1885

Leaves Seabury & Johnson; founds Johnson & Johnson with brothers

James and Edward in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

1886

Company begins operations; first antiseptic dressings and

medicated plasters produced.

1887

Incorporation; red cross trademark registered; silk dental floss

introduced.

1888

Publishes

Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment

1890

Introduces the first commercial first aid kits for railroads and

factories.

1893

Johnson's Baby Powder introduced; Red Cross dressings exhibited

and awarded at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago.

1894

Edward Mead Johnson departs to found the American Ferment

Company (later Mead Johnson & Co.).

1890

–1905

International expansion; exports reach Europe, Latin America, and

Asia.

1907

Agreement with the American Red Cross over the use of the red

cross symbol.

1910

February 7: Robert Wood Johnson dies in New York City. James Wood

Johnson assumes the presidency.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 19

A P P EN D IX

Major Achievements

Founded Johnson & Johnson in 1885 and built it, within a generation, into the

world's leading manufacturer of sterile surgical dressings.

Championed the American antiseptic movement, bringing Joseph Lister's

discoveries to ordinary practitioners decades before they became standard

practice.

Authoring

Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment

(1888), a foundational text

that helped persuade a skeptical generation of American surgeons.

Pioneered the manufacture of sterile, individually sealed surgical dressings —

eliminating the old practice of dressing wounds with unwashed, unsterilized

materials.

Created the first commercial first aid kits (1890), extending the promise of

emergency care from the hospital operating room to the railroad siding and the

factory floor.

Introduced Johnson's Baby Powder (1893), the company's first consumer product

and a founding moment of the modern consumer health industry.

Led the early international expansion of American surgical supplies, carrying the

Red Cross brand to five continents.

Established education-based marketing — handbooks, nursing instructions,

public information campaigns — as a model of ethical commercial practice.

Resolved the Red Cross trademark conflict with the American Red Cross (1907)

through a constructive division of the symbol between humanitarian and

commercial use.

Assembled the company culture and values that later produced the Credo (1943)

and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (1972), multiplying his personal vision

into a century of public health philanthropy.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 20

A P P EN D IX

Honors & Recognition

The appellation "The Gentleman Rebel."

Conferred by historian Lawrence G.

Foster in his 1999 biography

Robert Wood Johnson: The Gentleman Rebel

, the phrase

has entered the historical literature as the standard description of Johnson's dual

character — the courtly manners, the fighting spirit.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Established in 1972 with the fortune of

his nephew, Robert Wood Johnson II, and named in honor of the founder, it

became the largest philanthropy in the United States devoted exclusively to

health.

Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

The flagship academic medical

center of New Brunswick, New Jersey, bears his name — a lasting tribute at the

very site of the company's founding.

The Credo of Johnson & Johnson.

Written in 1943 by his nephew, the Credo

institutionalized the founder's conviction that the company's first responsibility

is to patients, doctors, nurses, mothers, and fathers — "to all others who use our

products and services."

Historical recognition.

Historians of medicine credit his 1888 treatise and his

company's manufacturing standards as decisive forces in the American

acceptance of antiseptic surgery — a public-health achievement comparable, in

its way, to the work of the surgeons he supported.

Pioneer of packaged medical care.

The first aid kit, the sealed sterile dressing,

and the household medicine cabinet all descend from his commercial

inventions; his company's products have been honored by generations of

physicians and earned the ordinary, daily trust of families around the world.

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography — page 21

A P P EN D IX

Note on Sources

This biography was written as an original work from public knowledge and widely documented

historical information. The following public sources and reference materials are recommended

for further reading and were consulted in substance:

Foster, Lawrence G.

Robert Wood Johnson: The Gentleman Rebel

. Lillian Press, 1999.

Foster, Lawrence G.

A Company That Cares: One Hundred Year Illustrated History of Johnson &

Johnson

. Johnson & Johnson, 1986.

Johnson, Robert Wood.

Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment

. Johnson & Johnson,

1888.

Johnson & Johnson. "Our Heritage" and historical archives. Corporate website, jnj.com.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "Our History." rwjf.org.

Contemporary newspaper accounts, including the obituary of Robert Wood Johnson

published in

The New York Times

, February 8, 1910.

Mead Johnson & Company. Historical materials on the life and career of Edward Mead

Johnson.

The author has made every effort to present this material in original language and to verify facts

against reliable public references. The quotation from the Credo is reproduced here for docu-

mentary purposes from the public statements of Johnson & Johnson. Readers interested in the

company's official corporate history are encouraged to consult the sources above.

—

END

BOOK

—

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Johnson & Johnson Robert Wood Johnson The Gentleman Rebel Biography

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